Simulated Walking Creatures
Behavioral animation is an ongoing field of research. Thomas Geijtenbeek, Michiel van de Panne, and Frank van der Stappen presented this paper in 2013 showing a simulation-based approach that incorporates biomechanical constraints. An evolutionary algorithm learns how to use the muscles to walk, and a refinement optimizes the muscle routing. Further development of this was incorporated into to Geijtenbeek’s thesis.